A gene is a lineal sequence of nucleotides of DNA or RNA, located in cell nucleus, essential to carry out a manifestation of an inheritable characteristic of an alive individual. In terms of structure, a gen is a fragment of a large molecule of DNA that storage information to fabricate a determined protein. This protein is the one who determine the corresponding character, as the eyes color, skin color, presence of seeds, resistance to a disease,...
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| Image 2.1. Image of a chromatide and the material contained on it, showing in an augmentated way, a gene (yellow) |
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| Image 2.2. An image that shows in yellow and red two different locus. |
Usually, genes develop its function through transcription and translation. In some cases, although, can happen that a gene can make its function doesn't necessarily requiring this genetic processes.
Each gene occupies a certain position in the chromosome called locus. And if you take into account the whole chromosomes of an individual we talk about the genome, as it is the set of genes of species.
To understand it easily, maybe is better to think of the DNA or RNA that form an individual (genome) as an ecnyclopedia, in which the nucleotides are the letters, the genes are the amount of chapters that compose the volumes created by the agrupation of letters in a determined way, and the chromosomes are the different volumes that form the encyclopedia.
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| Image 2.3. Gene sequence showing the nucleotides and each aminoacid formed |
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