Glossary

Stress: Stress is any environmental factor potentially unfavorable for organisms. In plants, however, is understood as a state in which demands tend to grow on a plant destabilization initial features, followed by standardization and enhanced resistance (can cause cell death). The agent can be both biotics and abiotic.

Abiotic agents: These are factors that are not alive, chemical and physical natural environment, affecting ecosystems.

Biotic agents: is any component that affects another living organism, including animals that benefits form others organisms, and the live food that the body consumes, they do need energy and food to function and grow up properly.

Pentamer: protein consisting of five sides.

Hexàmers: protein which has six sides.

T: divisions sides of a single virus.

Uncoating: process that eliminates the capsid of a virus, which leads to the release of the viral genomic nucleic acid.

Phloem: Internal system formed by veins from vascular plants for driving the elaborated sap.

Primer: Molecule of nucleotides that can get together with a concrete part of a strand, by hydrogen bonds (can read the strand, and fix a beginning of the copy).

Strand: One of the double chains that compose the double helix DNA.

Hydrogen bonds: Links stablished between different atoms, in this scientific research means the links between adenine and thymine, as well as between guanine and cytosine.

Cytosine, guanine, thymine, adenine and uracil: nucleotides

Liquid nitrogen: Substance really cold, between -210ºC and -195'8ºC that it is used in different aspects of experimentation, in concrete, in my experimentation, it is used to compact the leaf, so that it can be crushed easily into little pieces.

Eppendorf: Plastic containers able to put inside not big substances.

Fume chamber: Specific machine prepared to not let the gases go away into the laboratory.

Doyle buffer solution: Solution used to mantain the pH of the solution stable.

Vortex: Laboratory process carried out to mix the solution.

Microtiter plate: Laboratory material thar allows the scientist to leave the eppendorfs straight and separate.

Isoamyl chloroform: Substance used to break the cell so that you can get by separate the DNA, the wall,...

Centrifuge: Laboratory process that makes the eppendorfs turn about an axis relly quickly, making the phases produce faster.

Phase: Different parts of a solution that has diferenciate by the not similar densities.

Densities: The relation of mass to volume of a substance.

Pipette: Laboratory instrument used to take a determinet amount of a substance, this is really little normally between microliters.

Electrophoresis: Laboratory process in which you compare different DNA strands by using electricity.

Drill: Laboratory instrument used to pinch an organic material, usually frozen in liquid nitrogen.

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